Sizing and method of treating or preparing same.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES H. BELLAMY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO MONE R.rsnncs,

OF SAME PLACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 681,435, dated August27, 1901.

Application filed January 30, 1901..

To ctZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. BELLAMY, of the city and county ofPhiladelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented an Improvement inSizing and Method of Treating or Preparing the Same, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to sizing and to a method of treating or preparingthe same to improve the quality and strength thereof and is fullydescribed in the following specification. The quality of sizing dependslargely upon its glutinous character. The best results are obtained fromgum arabic, (O H O which is used to a small extent upon fine grades ofsilk, but cannot be used generally on account of the expense. Ordinarysizingssuch as glue, resin, starch, and dextrine-do not possess thesmoothness or high mucilaginous properties of gum-arabic, but aregenerally used because they are less expensive.

It is the object of my invention to treat the ordinaryanimal andvegetable proteids-such as hide glue, casein glue, shellac, resin,starch, gums, &c.-commonly used as sizings to increase their smoothnessand mucilaginous properties to a degree closely approximating theproperties of gum-arabic. The size thus treated possesses the additionalquality of acting as a mordant to fix colors in the sized materials,such as paper and textile fabrics. I'

have discovered that these results can be obtained. by treating the sizeto an alkaline arsenate or by combining the same with the proteid. Thisalkaline arsenate may be obtained by the use of either arsenic acid '(HAsOQ or arsenic trioxid, (As,O From the arsenic acid I obtain anarsenate by combining it with a suitable alkaline base. Any alkali basemay be used, such, e. g.,as magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, orammonium.

With magnesium hydrate, Mg(I*IO the reaction is as follows:

The arsenate may be obtained in Serial No. 45,380. (No specimens.)

of arsenic acid in a gallon of water. I prefer to heat the water, as ithastens the reaction. To this a small quantity of starch may be added tohold the arsenate in suspension. The product obtained is a thickmucilaginous paste. In practice I have found that satisfactory resultsmay be obtained by adding four ounces of starch to a gallon of thearsenic solution. If, however, the arsenate is to be used directly, theaddition of the starch is unnecessary.

With potassium as the base potassium ar senate is obtained, either K.,As0 or K HAsO,, or both, the reaction being obtained by boilingcaustic potash (KOH) in solution with the arsenic. With soda as the basesodium arsenate (Na HAsO is obtained, the action being obtained byboiling carbonate of soda (Na CO in solution with the arsenic. Withcalcium a calcium arsenate (CaHAsOQ is obtained by boiling chlorid ofcalcium (CaOl with the arsenic; With ammonium an ammonium arsenate, (NHHAsO is obtained from an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH Aq) andarsenic. With arsenic trioxid (A 0 the same ultimate reactions may beobtained, as the trioxid, when combined with water and the alkali,reacts to produce the arsenate of the alkali metal employed.Satisfactory results may be obtained by combining the arsenic trioxidand base in the same proportions as the arsenic acid and the hydrate-i.e. one pound of the base to eight ounces of arsenic trioxid in a gallonof water. I do not mean to limit myself to these proportions, as theproportions may be varied to conform with the desired results. Thearsenical paste or compound thus produced is added to the sizing insuitable proportions, the amount of which depends upon the character ofthe size employed and the results desired. In practice I have found thatone quart of the arsenical paste added to one hundred pounds, dryWeight, of starch will produce an excellent size. The arsenical pastereacts upon the proteid in the presence of water and greatly increasesits smoothness and mucilaginous quality, imparting to it qualities verysimilar to those possessed by gum-arabic sizing. I have discovered thatthe arsenical paste also acts to fix colors in the sized paper orfabric. This I understand is due to the fact that the arsenic reacts onthe starchy matter or proteid in the fibersof the paper or fabric, andthus forms a bond between them and the size which fixes the color.Instead of preparing the arsenical paste as a commercial product to beadded to ordinary sizing it may be mixed directly with the proteids andthe sizing may be produced as a commercial product. So, also, instead offorming a paste the arsenic and base may be mixed together in a drystate, Whether alone or in combination with the dry ground or powderedproteids, to be converted into sizing upon the addition of water by theuser. A sizing composition may be thus prepared by mixing one pound ofalkali hydrate and eight ounces of arsenic acid with one hundred poundsof dry starch. Upon the addition of Water the chemical reaction willtake place and the arsenate produced will react upon the starch in themanner described. The arsenical composition may also be used as amordant in dyeing processes and with paints, dyes, and stains to fix.the colors to the materials to which the colors are applied.

WVhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is asfollows:

1. The herein-described method of preparing sizing which consists incombining an arsenate of an alkali metal with animal or vegetableproteids in the presence of Water.

2. The herein-described method of enriching animal or vegetable sizingwhich consists in adding thereto an arsenate of an alkali metal in apasty condition.

3. The herein-described sizing consisting of an arsenate of an alkalimetal and animal or vegetable proteid combined in the proportions andthe manner substantially as set forth.

4. The herein-described method of enriching animal or vegetable sizingwhich consists in adding thereto an arsenate of an alkali metal.

5. The herein-described method of enriching animal or vegetable sizingwhich consists in adding thereto a magnesium arsenate.

6. The herein-described arsenical paste for enriching sizing, &c.,consisting of arsenic and a base combined in the presence of watersubstantially as set forth.

7. The arsenical paste for enriching sizing, &c., consisting of arsenic,starch and a base combined in the presence of water substantially as setforth.

8. The arsenical paste for enriching sizing, the, consisting of arsenicacid, a base and Water combined in the manner substantially as setforth.

In testimony of which invention I have hereunto set my hand.

CHAS. II. BELLAMY.

Witnesses:

GEO. W. REED, ERNEST HOWARD HUNTER.

